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Kawal, K.; Blair, S.; Hong, Q.; Papadopoulos, P.N. Selective Auto-Reclosing of Mixed Circuits Based on Multi-Zone Differential Protection Principle and Distributed Sensing. Energies 2023, 16, 2558.
Kawal, Kevin, Steven Blair, Qiteng Hong, and Panagiotis N. Papadopoulos. 2023. \"Selective Auto-Reclosing of Mixed Circuits Based on Multi-Zone Differential Protection Principle and Distributed Sensing\" Energies 16, no. 6: 2558.
Conficker A's agent proceeds as follows. First, it checks for thepresence of a firewall. If a firewall exists, the agent sends aUPNP message to open a local random high-order port (i.e., it asks thefirewall to open its backdoor port to the Internet). Next, itopens the samehigh-order port on its local host: its binary upload backdoor. This backdoor is used during propagation, to allow newly infectedvictims to retrieve the Conficker binary. It proceeds to one ofthe following sites to obtain its external-facing IP address www.getmyip.org, getmyip.co.uk, andcheckip.dyndns.org, andattempts to download the GeoIP database from maxmind.com. It randomlygenerates IP addresses to search for additional victims, filteringUkraine IPs based on the GeoIP database. The GeoIP information isalso used as part of MS08-67 exploit process [10]. Conficker A then sleeps for 30 minutes before starting a thread thatattempts to contact download a file called loadadv.exe. Thisthread cycles every 5 minutes.
Next, Conficker A enters an infinite loop, within which it generatesa list of 250 domain names (rendezvous points). Thename-generation function is based on a randomizing function that itseeds with the current UTC system date. The same list of 250names is generated every 3 hours, i.e., 8 times per day. AllConficker clients, with system clocks that are at minimum synchronizedto the current UTC date, will compute and attempt to contact the sameset of domains. When contacting a domain for which a valid IP addresshas been registered, Conficker clients send a URL request to TCP port80 of the target IP, and if a Windows binary is returned, it will bevalidated via a locally stored public key, stored on the victim host,and executed. If the computer is not connected to the Internet,then the malicious code will check for connectivity every 60seconds. When the computer is connected, Conficker A will executethe domain name generation subroutine, contacting every registered domain in thecurrent 250-name set to inquire if an executable is available fordownload.
Conficker B is a rewrite of Conficker A with the followingnoticeable differences. First, Conficker A incorporates aUkraine-avoidance routine that causes the process to suicide if thekeyboard language layout has been set to Ukrainian. Conficker B doesnot include this keyboard check. B also uses different mutexstrings and patches a number of Windows APIs, and attempts to disableits victim's local security defenses by terminating the execution of apredefined set of antivirus products it finds on the machine. Ithas significantly more suicide logic embedded in its code, and employsanti-debugging features to avoid reverse engineering attempts.Conficker B uses a different set of sites to query its external-facingIP address www.getmyip.org,www.whatsmyipaddress.com, www.whatismyip.org, checkip.dyndns.org. It does not download the fraudware Antivirus XP software that version Aattempts to download. Conficker's propagation methods varyamong A and B and are described in Section ConfickerPropagation. Furthermore, a recent analysis by Symantec has uncovered that the GeoIPfile is directly embedded in the Conficker B binary as a compressed RAR(Roshal archive) file encrypted using RC4 [11]. Like Conficker A, after a relatively short initialization phase followed by a scan and infect stage, Conficker B proceeds togenerate a daily list of domains to probe for the download of anadditional payload. Conficker B builds its candidate set ofrendezvous points every 2 hours, using a similar algorithm. Butit uses different seeds and also appends three additional top-leveldomains. The result is that the daily domain lists generated by Aand B do not overlap.
BothConficker A and B clients incorporate a binary validation mechanism toensure that a downloaded binary has been signed by the Confickerauthors. Figure2 illustrates the downloadvalidation procedure used to verify the authenticity of binaries pulledfrom Internet rendezvous points. The procedure begins withConficker's authors computing a 512-bit hash M of the Windows binary that will bedownloaded to the client. The binary is then encrypted using thesymmetric stream cipher RC4 algorithm with password M. Next, the authorscompute a digital signature using an RSA encryption scheme, asfollows: M^epriv mod N = Sig, where N is a public modulusthat is embedded in all Conficker client binaries. Sig isthen appended to the encrypted binary, and together they can be pushedto all infected Conficker clients that connect to theappropriate rendezvous point.
Pre-prints of two coming publications can be downloaded:Kipp, M. (2014) ANVIL: A Universal Video Research Tool. In: J. Durand, U. Gut, G. Kristofferson (Hrsg.) Handbook of Corpus Phonology, Oxford University Press.Download pre-print version (PDF)Kipp, M. (2012) Multimedia Annotation, Querying and Analysis in ANVIL.In: M. Maybury (ed.) Multimedia Information Extraction, Chapter 19, IEEE Computer Society Press.Download pre-print version (PDF)ANVIL 5ANVIL 5 has been released since mid 2010. Although still in a beta state, it is very stable and used by most users. Have a look here for new features (compared to version 4) and for newly arriving features in the further releases.Major new features:Installer: for Windows and Mac platforms, specific installers make installation easyIntegrated online manual: documentation is now available in the tool itself by pressing the green help buttonSpecification editor: specifications (= coding scheme) can be created and changed with a graphical editor3D Motion capture player: motion capture files in BVH format can be viewed with a 3D skeleton and synchronized with video playbackSubdivision track type: this is equivalent to ELAN's subdivision type. In a subdivision track the coder splits an element of the reference track into smaller pieces.Time point track type: the \"PrimaryPoint\" track type allows to annotate single time points instead of intervals. This is equivalent to PRAAT's point type.ELAN Import: ELAN files can be read into Anvil; various conversion strategies are applied to accommodate the differences between the tools (note that ELAN's subdivision type has also been added to Anvil).Histograms: users can quickly look at the distribution of labels in a specific track, also across annotations (project tool)Analysis: Anvil 5 offers various useful analysis features that can be applied to a single Anvil file or a whole projectCoding agreement (kappa): automatic computation of agreement between two annotations of the same track (two .anvil files). Computes Cohen's kappa, corrected kappa and simple percentage. Also allows to only look at segmentation agreement.Transition diagrams: visualization of the probabilities that label A transitions to label B in a particular track, shown as a graph where arrow thickness indicates transition probabilities.Association analysis: Allows to compute a chi square test on co-occurrences of labels on two different tracks. The user specifies the temporal relation that entities to-be-compared must meet.Improved search interface (since 5 beta 16): Google-style text search is now the default, together with regular expression search and the old include/exclude list search.Comparing tracks (since 5 beta 16): One can insert a track from a different annotation (right-click on track name). This allows to compare inter-coder agreement directly.
The Anvil software is free for research and educationalpurposes. To download it, please write an e-mail with subject\"anvil download\" and answer the following questions (please write inEnglish or German):
This is for us to keep track of where and how Anvil is employed. Inreturn we will send you the address of the download page and place youon a mailing list that keeps you informed about any Anvil updates.
In Novermber 2010, I gave a talk at the CNRS GDR lab, Paris, where I present ANVIL's basic concepts and a number of interesting new features. Sorry for the image quality, I am trying to obtain a hi-res version. Thanks to Christophe Parisse for inviting me for this talk and for providing the video. You can also download the presentation slides.
When you request the download address for Anvil, you willautomatically be put on the Anvil mailing list. This mailing listserves to notify you about new versions/updates of Anvil and, veryrarely, to post news and conference announcements in the domain ofannotation.
Anvil should run on any Mac with OS X. For Anvil 4.0 (orhigher) you need to make sure that Java 1.4 is installed on yourMac because, originally, Mac OS X was shipped with Java 1.3. Inthis case, Java 1.4 can be downloaded. Consult Apple's Java pages forthis. 781b155fdc
